Apparatus for forming permanent waves



Oct. 29, 1929. s LEWIS ,7

APPARATUS FOR FORMING PERMANENT WAVES Filed Sept. 2, 1925 ATr6RNEY After the hair has been thus prepared a cas- 9 portion of the strand ad acent the scalp'is,

Patented 0a. .29, 1929 I UNITED [stares '17P] ATENTY FICE WILBUR s. LEWIS, or CLEVELAND, onro, essrenon To Teammate MUB corn.

,PA'NY, or ornvnrannonro, A conrona'rron or OHIO APPARATUS Fon romaine PEBMrlNENT. WA E Application filed September This invention relates to apparatus and the method employed for formingfpermanent waves in the human hair. i i p 1 In forming permanent Waves in the human hair, it is general practice to first treat the hair with a softening solution, after which borax or oil, either in liquid or solid form, is

applied around the strands, and when the solution is in solid form the hair is moistened.

ing generally in the form of a fabricated tube is secured to encase the treated hair and a clamp is applied around the tube, adjacent the scalp, to prevent the solution when heated from running to the scalp. The exterior end of the tube is left open so'that when the solution is heated, by placing heaters around the tubes, the steam and hot vapors can escape at a point removedfrom' the scalp? The application of the heaters around the tubes liberates the gases and vapors of the solution and they act upon thehair, whereupon it will remain in the stretched and coiled condition in which it is secured upon the rods.

When the steam and vapors are permitted to escape from the ends of the tubes removed from the scalp, the thinner portion of the strands is subjected to the greatest amount of the vapor and gas, and likewise the thicker subjected to the least amount ofvapor and gas. It will be readily understood that'it'is more essential that the thicker ends of the strands of hair require a greater amount of impregnation than the thinner ends, to be treated in an equal degree. i I

An object of my invention is to provide a casing in which the gases and vapor are forced to escape from adjacent the thick end of the "strand encased therein, so that the strand of hair will be acted upon proportionately to the thickness, and toprovide a novelclosure for the end ofthe casing remote from the scalp of the patient. I

olothis preferably treated with'borax or oil and is also dampened either before or after '2, 1925. Serial m; 53,972; I i

A further object of my invention resides lna tube for encasing a'strand ofhair dur ng the heating operation in a permanent waving process. I

These and other objects, and the invention itself will appear'in the following detailed description. i

Tnthe drawin s,Figure1 isaside eleva tional View of an embodiment of the invention applied to a strand of hair; Fig. 2 isa side elevation of the tube andheater removed from the strand of; hair; F ig. 3 is *a similar viewl with portions of the tube and heater shown n section; and Fig; 4 isa longitudinal section of the tubeappliedto a pared to be heated. Referring now to the drawings strand of hair preters ofgreference, 10 represents a strand of r humanhair which has been gathered from the scalp to bewaved. The strand of hair is coiled around a rod 11, one end of which is provided with a saw cut 12 and the other'end 13 of which is fia'ttenednto provide a finger grip. Afstring'l i is passedfl through the saw cut in the end of the rod adjacent the scalp and is tied around the strand of hair, thereby securing it to the rod. The coiled hair is then stretched lengthwise while the rod is held stationary and is then secured in such stretchedcoiled condition on the'rod bythe string 15 which is tied around the outer end. ,Ihe hair preferably is treated with a suitable softening solution prior to" the] stretching and coiling operation. I

After the strand has beensecured upon the rod, it is preferably'moistened with a lotion I I and isthen covered by'a strip of absorbent I 7 material 16 which is preferably cloth material and wound spirally around the strand. The

it is applied around the strand. I

A fabricated-casing is the'napplied to enclose the coiled strand of hair Which'has been prepared for the heating operation.- The casingis preferably formed prior to its application,"howeverit could beformedwhen applied, andipreferably 'consistsfof a sheet of" I which is inserted in one of the open ends of the tube and sealed to the inner wall thereof. The closure member is formed preferably of sheet linen paper and is annular and of substantially the same external diameter as the inner diameter of the tube. The other end of the tube is open and apertures 19 are provided in the tube adjacent thereto for purposes hereinafter set forth.

Theopen end of the casing is placed over the rod 11,and the casing is moved axially 7 to a position adjacent the scalp, so that it encloses the coiled portion of-the strand of hair and the covering 16. A heat resisting washer 20,- preferably formed of felt, is placed around the strand of hair adjacent the scalp, and a clamp 21 is applied around the open end of the paper casing to seal such end thereof annularly against the strand of hair, intermediate the rod and the washer. A tubular heater 22 is then applied exteriorly of the paper casing and around the portion thereof within which the hair is located which has been prepared for waving.

It will be seen that'the scalp is protected from the heater bythe washer 20. and that the hot lotion and contents of the tube can not burn the scalp because they are sealed in the tube by the clamp 21. The application of the heat'exteriorly of the casing will be transmitted to the preparation with'which the.

hair within the casing has been treated, whether such preparation is applied with the wrapper 16 or directly to the hair, and the Y vapors and gases liberated by theheat from the preparation material will'permeate the coiled stretched hair and act thereupon to retain it in its deformed condition. Due to the fact that the ends of tne casing are sealed,

the gases, vapor and steam must'escape from the apertures 19 which are adjacent the thick est diameter of the coiled strand. It will thus be seen that the thicker portion of the coil will receive the greatest amount of the gases and vapor which is necessary in order that such portion will be acted uponin an equal degree to the thinner portion of the strand.

lVith the casing I have provided only one I clamp is necessary to entirely encase'the strand of hair, and when the tube becomes brown, which the operator can readlly observe, it will nd cate that the solution with .which'the hair has been treated has become.

dry. This manner of having such knowledge eliminates anyv guessing as to the condition within the'casing and prevents burning or heating of the hair .tosuch an extent that it becomes brittle; With the method described herein, the varying thickness of-the strand 7 will be acted upon proportionately by the gases and vapors to provide aluniform'conditlon thereof, when the waving process has beencompleted and hence the hair adjacent the head will receive a better wave, and a uniform wave Will'be produced.

signature.

I do not claim broadly the provision of a container comprising the tube having an aperture through its wall close to the scalp, the tube being otherwise substantially closed during the heating process, as this is the subject of the joint invention of myself and John Charles Murray, and claimed in our joint Patent No.1,611,466, dated Dec. 21, 1926, but I elect to claim herein the structural elements of my improved casing comprising the closure forthe end of the tube remote from the scalp and the same in combination with a tube having its end disposed nearest the scalp apertured for the escape of steam and/or vapors which may. be produced'in the casing during the so-called steaming oper ation of a hair waving process.

Various changes can be made, in the design of the tube and the process of forming a wave herein described without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of what I claim.

hat I claim is z- 7 1. A tubular casing for enclosing a strand of hair prepared for the application of heat to form a wave, comprising sheet paper in its sidewalls, a cup shaped closure member insertable in one end of said tube in sealing engagement with the. inner wall thereof, means for said tube adapted to seal its other end against the strand of hair operated upon adjacent its thickest portion nearest the head' of the patient, said tube having an aperture adjacent its said other end to permit gases and vapors to escape from the interior of the casing only from adjacent the thickest portion of the hair strand. l

2. A tubular casing for enclosing'a strand of hair prepared for the application of heat to form a wave, comprising sheet paper in its side walls, a cup shaped closure member insertable in one end of the said tube in sealing engagement'with theinner wall thereof, means for said tube adapted to seal its other end against the strand of hair operated upon adjacent its thickest portion nearest the head of the patient. a

8. A container for use in permanently waving haircomprising a flexible tube, a closure sealingone end thereof, the other end being deformable to close the same about a strand of hair, and an aperture adjacent to the latter end and sufficiently far therefrom to permit said collapsing between the end and aperture. r

In testimony whereof,l hereunto afiix my WILBUR S. LEWIS. 

